Petroleum geochemistry of the Kimmeridge Clay of onshore Southern and Eastern England     

Paul F. V. Williams 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》1986,3(4)

The Kimmeridge Clay is considered a major oil source rock for the North Sea hydrocarbon province. The formation is also developed onshore in an organic-rich mudstone facies. This paper examines the possibility of onshore oil generation from the Kimmeridge Clay. Geochemically, onshore basin margin sediments contain rich, potential source horizons with mainly Type l/Type ll oil-prone kerogen, but are immature. Some deeper Cleveland Basin sediments have reached marginal maturity. Burial history reconstruction suggests significant formation palaeoburial depths in central areas of the Cleveland and Wessex Basins. Computed vitrinite isoreflectance contours show the Wealden and Isle of Wight Kimmeridge Clay to be thermally mature. Basin modelling suggests an early Palaeogene onset of oil generation in parts of the Cleveland Basin, while maximum oil generation could have been reached by the formation base in the Isle of Wight area during the late Cretaceous. Although basin subsidence ceased in the Neogene, in the Weald and Isle of Wight, where the formation is still deeply buried, oil generation probably continued for some time during uplift. Thus significant quantities of oil could have been generated. Whether or not this oil is present today however, would depend on the correct timing of suitable migration and trap structures.  相似文献   

南海北部含油气构造上方化探异常研究     

陈汉宗  周蒂  王平 《热带海洋学报》1997,(3)

在南海北部利用地球化学方法作为油气勘探的一种辅助手段。在6个航次中采集了沉积物、底层海水及海面大气样品，测定了近50种化探指标，并采用稳健统计方法进行了数据处理和异常圈定。化探结果在油气藏上方发现了清晰的、具不同指标组合的综合化探异常，与邻近空构造形成鲜明的对照。圈闭顶部的块状异常和圈闭周绿的环状、半环状异常是下伏油气藏的良好指示，而剖面上呈锯齿状、平面上呈线状的异常则与断裂带有关。实践表明，建立已知油气藏上方的化探异常模式及解剖已知空构造上方的地球化学特征对于指导本区或邻区的化探异常评价是十分必要的。  相似文献   

Assessment of the effects of hydrocarbon contamination on the sedimentary bacterial communities and determination of the polar lipid fraction purity: Relevance of intact phospholipid analysis     

Nicolas Mazzella  Josiane Molinet  Agung Dhamar Syakti  Jean-Claude Bertrand  Pierre Doumenq   《Marine Chemistry》2007,103(3-4):304-317

This in situ study reports on the relevance of intact phospholipids as new biomarkers and highlights the limits of the classical fatty acid analysis after the hydrolysis of the polar lipid fraction. The analysis of polar lipid fractions revealed significant contributions of marine macrophytes with either non-phospholipid compounds (sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol) or with both non-bacterial phospholipid classes (phosphatidylcholine) and non-bacterial phospholipid molecular species (some molecular species of phosphatidylglycerol). The analysis of intact phospholipids showed also the predominance of gram-negative bacteria in sediments whereas the analysis of fatty acids alone cannot confirm such information. Lastly, as regard to the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on the sedimentary bacterial communities, we observed a higher degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chains of the phospholipids extracted from sediment exposed to a massive and chronic crude oil contamination. Such a result was interpreted as an adaptive response resulting in higher membrane rigidity of the bacterial communities.  相似文献   

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类资源时空分布   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

高爱根  曾江宁  陈全震  胡锡钢  杨俊毅  廖一波  寿鹿  徐晓群  刘晶晶  江志兵  董永庭  胡月妹 《海洋学报》2007,29(2):105-111

为了解南麂列岛海洋自然保护区潮间带贝类十多年来的动态变化,在1992年研究基础上,于2003年度再赴南麂列岛对岩、沙相贝类进行了研究.本次调查鉴定出贝类105种,其中岩相93种、沙相12种,6种为南麂列岛新记录种,对岩相、沙相贝类组合的生态特征进行了分析,岩相多样性和均匀度指数(1.25~2.20和0.54~0.70)高于沙相的(0.23~0.95和0.17~0.94).岩相贝类数量为3025.70g/m2和2660个/m2,生物量垂直分布为低潮区最高(6471.99g/m2),中潮区居中(3772.09g/m2),高潮区最小(78.35g/m2),栖息密度为中潮区最大(4245个/m2),低潮区居中(2973个/m2),高潮区最小(439个/m2).沙相贝类数量为16.81g/m2和11个/m2,低潮区(29.43g/m2和11个/m2)大于中潮区(14.01g/m2和10个/m2).通过与以往资料比对发现,岩礁贝类数量有所增加,沙滩贝类数量则明显下降,监控区贝类数量明显多于其他区域,对贝类资源变化产生影响的相关因子作了分析探讨.  相似文献   

浅析长白山自然保护区旅游发展中的生态环境保护问题     

王慧玲 《吉林地质》2008,27(2)

长白山自然保护区是我国建立较早的和典型的自然保护区之一,其主要功能是进行自然生态环境的保护。但是,为了克服保护资金短缺境况,长白山自然保护区将发展旅游业作为生态环境保护工作资金支持的一条途径,而旅游业曾长期被认为是对生态环境影响微乎其微的产业,但自长白山开始发展旅游业以来,经济效益的实现似乎掩盖了原本的生态环境保护目标。本文在分析了长白山旅游发展对生态环境造成的负面影响之后,提出了一系列在长白山旅游发展过程中生态环境的保护措施,以期兼顾长白山自然保护区发展和保护两大目标的实现。  相似文献   

Numerical simulation of migration–accumulation of oil resources     

Yirang Yuan  Yuji Han 《Computational Geosciences》2008,12(2):153-162

Numerical simulation of oil migration and accumulation is to describe the history of oil migration and accumulation in basin evolution. It is of great value to the evaluation of oil resources and to the determination of the location and amount of oil deposits. This thesis discusses the characteristics of petroleum geology and permeation fluid mechanics. For the three-dimensional problems of Dongying hollow of Shengli Petroleum Oil Field, it puts forward a new model and a kind of modified method of upwind finite difference fractional steps implicit interactive scheme. For the famous hydraulic experiment of secondary migration–accumulation, the numerical simulation test has been done, and both the computational and experimental results are basically identical. For the actual problem of Dongying hollow, the numerical simulation test and the actual conditions are basically coincident. Thus, the well-known problem has been solved.  相似文献   

The American whale oil industry: A look back to the future of the American petroleum industry?     

James L. Coleman Jr. 《Natural Resources Research》1995,4(3):273-288

The American whaling industry rose from humble beginnings off Long island to become an international giant. In its peak year, 1846, 735 ships and 70,000 people served the industry. As whale stocks and reserves decreased, whalers were forced to go farther and farther from their New England home ports. Voyages became longer, and risks on required return-on-investment became higher. The easy money of Atlantic and Pacific whaling was no more: the only remaining profitable ventures were to Arctic and Antarctic waters. Many ships returned empty, if at all. in 1871, most of the Arctic whaling fleet was crushed by early winter ice and lost. This calamity, in conjunction with the long-term diminishing whale stocks, the diversion of investment capital to more profitable ventures, and the discovery, development, and refinement of abundant petroleum crude oil, struck the death blow to the American whaling industry. By 1890, only 200 whaling vessels were at work, and by 1971, no American commercial whaling ship sailed the world's oceans.It is apparent that no single event caused the final, rapid decline. However, a single calamity, in an already stressed industry, that was self-insured and commercially interlinked, precipitated the end. Today's American petroleum industry, although adopting some principles of the American whaling industry, also has embraced other activities such as work process reengineering and customer alliances, which may preempt, or postpone, a similar catastrophic demise.  相似文献   

Multivariate Statistical Discrimination of Selected Carbonate Petrographic Classifications: Implications on Applicability of Classification Systems and Predictability of Petrographic Types     

M. Ramkumar  Z. BernerD. Stüben 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2002,62(2):145-159

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The water level simulation for crane habitat optimization in Xianghai Nature Reserve     

ZHANG Yanhong  DENG Wei  LIU Zhaoli  ZHANG Shuwen  ZHAI Jinliang 《地理学报》2003,13(2):187-194

The probability of crane living in reedy wetlands can reach 100%, at the same time, the area of reed, the water level and adjacent water area are main factors which control the crane's habitat selection. We all know that all these factors are spatially heterogeneous. For the Xianghai wetland safety and to protect the Xianghai wetland habitat of crane, this paper has mainly identified a solution to these problems. The wetland information is extracted from the TM images, which reflect the whole wetland landscape and are very important for both quantitative analysis of remote sensing observation of the earth system and positioning analysis in GIS database that is automatically extracted from DEM. The DEM for Xianghai characteristics of topography is created. On the basis of the GRID SUBMODULE, applying the GIS spatial overlay analysis, the relationship between the water level and the reed area below the water level and the rating distribution maps of reed area above water level is established. When the water level reaches the altitude of 165 m, the reed area, 981.2 ha is maximum, i.e., the water level of 165 m is the optimal.  相似文献   

黄连山自然保护区的土壤及其地理分布规律   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

虞光复  陈永森 《云南地理环境研究》1997,9(1):73-79

本文根据野外调查，土样室内理化分析及对前人工作成果的系统分析结果表明，黄连山自然保护区的土壤及其地理分布规律是；海拔800m以下为砖红壤；海拔800－1100m为砖红壤性红壤；海拔1100—1600m为山地红壤；海拔1600—1900m为山地黄壤；海拔1900m以上为山地黄棕壤。  相似文献